Intshayelelo
Kwimeko ekhawulezayo-evelayo yokwenziwa kobunzima bale mihla, ubunjineli obuchanekileyo, kunye{1}}nesantya esiphezulu sokugqitywa koshishino, ukugquma komhlaba kunye neenkqubo zonyango zifuna isantya esingazange sabonwa ngaphambili, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuthotyelwa okungqongqo kwendalo. Iindlela zesiNtu zokomisa ubushushu obushushu{3}ezixhomekeke kakhulu ekuphuphukeni kwesinyibilikisi, ubushushu{4}}ubushushu obunyanzeliswayo{5}}ukudibanisa, kunye namaxesha okubhaka amade ngaphakathi, amandla{6}}e-oveni eziguquguqukayo{7}}zihlala zinyanzelwa kusetyenziso lwamandla aphezulu, ubushushu obungagungqiyo kwisithuba esingaguquguqukiyo somoya ojikelezayo kunye nokhupholo olunobunkunkqele kwisithuba esingenakonakala. Ukoyisa le mida isisiseko, imizi-mveliso yemveliso ephucukileyo iye yanda ngokwandayo yokwamkela itekhnoloji yokunyanga i-ultraviolet (UV), inkqubo eguqukayo yeekhemikhali kunye neyomzimba eguqula imixube yolwelo ekhethekileyo ibe yityati eqinileyo, ehlala ixesha elide kwiqhezu lesekondi.
Embindini wolu tshintsho luphezulu{0}}luphezulu kwimizi-mveliso kukho iUV Coating Line, edityaniswe kakhulu, elungelelanisiweyo, kunye nenkqubo yemveliso ezenzekelayo eyilelwe ukusebenzisa, inqanaba, kunye nokunyanga imixube yolwelo enyangwayo ngoko nangoko kusetyenziswa{1}}ubukhulu bemitha yeultraviolet. Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zokufudumala eziqhelekileyo ezifuna imizuzu okanye iiyure ukuphumeza ukoma okupheleleyo, i-UV Coating Line yangoku ifezekisa i-polymerization iyonke phantse ngoko nangoko ekuvezweni kumandla okukhanya okujoliswe kuwo, ikhawulezisa imveliso ephumayo ngelixa inciphisa amanyathelo okusebenza kunye neendleko zamandla. Ukuphonononga ikhemistri entsonkothileyo ye-photopolymerization, amacandelo okuqulunqa okukhethekileyo, ubunjineli bemithombo yemithombo yemitha ye-UV, kunye noncedo lwefektri yezisistim ezihambele phambili zityhila isizathu sokuba ukukhanya{4}kusebenze ukunyangeka kube sisiseko esibalulekileyo seteknoloji yokwaleka kwimizi-mveliso yangoku.
1. I-Chemistry ye-Photopolymerization: Ukusuka kwi-Liquid ukuya kwi-Solid
Ukuqonda ngokwenyani indlela ukunyanga kwe-ultraviolet kusebenza ngayo ngaphakathi kwimeko yeshishini, umntu kufuneka ahlole ikhemikhali enomdla yefotopolymerization. Embindini wayo, i-photopolymerization yi-ultra-ekhawulezayo yokusabela kwikhemikhali apho{2}}i-molecular{3}}i-monomers zolwelo ezinobunzima obuphantsi kunye ne-oligomers ziguqulwa zibe-ubunzima bemolekyuli-eziphezulu, ezixineneyo{6}}eziqhagamshelwe iinethiwekhi zepolymer ngokusebenzisa ngqo amandla okukhanya. Ngokungafaniyo nonyango olushushu, oluxhomekeke kubushushu obukhoyo okanye obunyanzeliswayo ukuze kuqhutywe ukusebenza kweekhemikhali kwixesha elongeziweyo, ukunyangwa kwe-UV kuxhomekeke{8}}kwiifoto zamandla eziphezulu zobude obuthile bobude obuthile ukuqalisa ukuguquka kweemolekyuli ngaphakathi kwe-milliseconds.
Indlela entsonkothileyo iqala xa okukhethekileyo, 100% ulwelo oluqinileyo{1}olwenziwa ngononophelo olulungeleleneyo lweoligomers, iimonomers ezisebenzayo, kunye neefotoinitiators{2}}zisesichengeni sokukhanya okukhulu kweultraviolet ngaphakathi kweradiation ekhethekileyo{3}}igumbi lokunyanga elikhuselekileyo. Iifotoinitia zikhaphukhaphu-zikhompawundi zekhemikhali ezinovakalelo ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukufunxa amaza obude obahlukileyo bamandla ephoton. Emva kokufunxa la mandla e-electromagnetic ekujoliswe kuwo, iimolekyuli zefotoinitiator ngoko nangoko zityhutyha i-homolytic cleavage okanye i-hydrogen abstraction, ziqhekeke ukuze zenze iintlobo ezisebenza kakhulu eziphakathi. Ezi ntlobo ze-reactive zingabonakalisa njenge-radicals yamahhala okanye i-cations esebenzayo, ngokuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi-architecture ethile yekhemikhali yenkqubo yokuqulunqa.
Nje ukuba zenziwe, ezi radicals simahla okanye ii-cations zihlasela ngokukhawuleza iibhondi eziphindwe kabini ezingabamelwane ngaphakathi kolwelo olujikelezileyo oligomers kunye ne-monomers, ibangela ikhonkco elinamandla kunye elikhawulezayo{0}}lokukhula kwepolymerization reaction. Iibhloko zolwakhiwo zemolekyuli nganye ziqhagamshelene ngeemilliseconds, zenza umnatha obambeneyo, ontsokothileyo{2}}omnqamlezo odityanisiweyo{3}}othungelwano oludityanisiweyo. Olu tshintsho lunzulu lolwakhiwo lutshintsha ubume bomzimba wemathiriyeli ukusuka kwifilim elulwelo ephathwayo ukuya kukuqina, ukuxhathisa iikhemikhali, kunye nomgangatho oqinileyo wokugquma oqinileyo phantse ngoko nangoko. Isantya esimangalisayo, ukuchaneka, kunye nokugqibelela kolu kukhanya{6}}intshukumo eqhutywayo zezo ezenza ifotopolymerization ibe namandla ngokukodwa{7}kummandla wokwenziwa kwesantya esiphezulu.
2. Essential Components of UV-Curable Formulations
Impumelelo, ukusebenza, kunye nokuqina{0}}kwexesha elide kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokunyanga i-ultraviolet ixhomekeke kakhulu kwimichiza echanekileyo, yokwenziwa kwemathiriyeli engamanzi egalelwe kwi-substrate. Ngokungafaniyo nesinyibilikisi esiqhelekileyo-esithwalwayo okanye samanzi{3}}ezalekayo ezithi zilahle ubunzima obubalulekileyo ngenxa yokuba ngumphunga ngexesha lokomisa, imixube ye-UV{4}}enyangekayo ikholisa ukuba{5}}ikhulu{6}}ikhulu{6}}inkqubo yezinto eziqinileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba icandelo ngalinye lekhemikhali liyasabela kwaye libe yinxalenye esisigxina yefilimu eqinileyo yokugqibela, ephelisa ukukhutshwa kwenyibiliki eyingozi ngokupheleleyo.
Iibhloko eziphambili zokwakha ezi zakhiwo zihamba phambili zi-oligomers, ezihlala zibizwa ngokuba yi-prepolymers. Ii-Oligomers zibonelela ngomqolo wemolekyuli kwaye ziyalela ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zefilimu enyangisiweyo, ezifana nokuguquguquka, ukuchasana nempembelelo, amandla okuqina, ukuxhathisa kwe-abrasion, kunye nokuqina kwemozulu. Iiklasi eziqhelekileyo ze-oligomer kwimizi-mveliso ziquka i-epoxy acrylates, i-urethane acrylates, i-polyester acrylates, kunye ne-polyether acrylates, nganye ilungiselelwe ngokucokisekileyo ukuhlangabezana nesiphelo esithile{2}}iimfuno zokusetyenziswa ukusuka ekugqityweni komgangatho oqinileyo womthi ukuya kwiifilimu zokupakisha zeplastiki ezibhetyebhetye.
Iimonomers, ezihlala zichongwa njengezinyibilikisi ezisebenzayo, zongezwa kumxube ukulawula kunye nokulungelelanisa i-viscosity yokwenziwa kolwelo ukuze isetyenziswe ngokutyibilikayo kusetyenziswa iirola, iivacuum coaters, izigqubuthelo zamakhethini, okanye izifakeli zokutshiza ezizisebenzelayo ngaphandle kokufuna izinyibilikisi eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyanga ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-ultraviolet, ezi monomers zisebenza ngokucokisekileyo kunye ne-oligomers ejikelezileyo, ziqinisekisa ukuba akukho zixhobo eziguquguqukayo ezingaphendulwanga zihlala zibanjelwe kwifilimu. Iimonomers zinokusebenza enye, zingasebenzi, okanye zisebenze ngeendlela ezininzi, ezivumela iikhemisti zokuyila ukuba zilungelelanise{2}}umnqamlezo{3}}ubunzima bekhonkco, ubulukhuni bomphezulu, kunye nokuxhathisa kweekhemikhali zokwaleka kokugqibela.
Ekugqibeleni, ii-photoinitiators zisebenza njengeekhemikhali ze-spark plugs zokwenziwa kwayo yonke. Kufuneka zikhethwe ngononophelo kwaye zihambelane nemveliso ye-spectral echanekileyo kunye neencopho zokukhutshwa kwezibane ze-UV ezifakwe kumgangatho wemveliso. Ukuba i-photoinitiator's optical absorption spectrum iyasilela ukulungelelana ngokufanelekileyo kunye namaza okukhutshwa kwemithombo yemitha ye-UV, ukusabela kokunyanga kuya kuhlala kungagqibekanga, kushiya umphezulu wengubo uthambile, ubambekile, okanye upholima kakubi.
3. UbuNjineli beMechanics beMithombo ye-UV ngaphakathi komgca wokuNgquma
Isizukulwana somzimba kunye nokusetyenziswa okulawulwayo kwamandla okukhanya kulawulwa yimithombo ekhethekileyo yemitha edityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kuhambo oluqhubekayo lomsebenzi woMda wale mihla we-UV wokuTyala. Uyilo lomatshini, ukuqina kokukhanya, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwemveliso ye-spectral yale mithombo yokukhanya imisela ubunzulu bokunyanga, ukuqina komphezulu, ukugcinwa kweglosi, kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokusebenza kwayo yonke indawo yokuvelisa.
Ngokwembali,-izibane zoxinzelelo zemercury arc zisebenza njengowona mthombo wokukhanya weUV. Ezi zibane zemveli zisebenza ngokugqithisa iarc ephezulu{2}yevoltage yombane ngomphunga wemercury ocinezelekileyo otywinwe ngaphakathi -kwityhubhu yequartz esulungekileyo, zenza{4}}ukukhanya okubanzi kwepolychromatic okubandakanya i-UVA, UVB, UVC, kunye ne-infrared wavelengths. Ngelixa izibane zemercury arc zisebenza ngokugqwesileyo ekugqobhozeni iileya ezishinyeneyo kwaye zinika umphezulu wokukhanya komphezulu, zivelisa amandla abalulekileyo e-infrared eshushu, zifuna umoya onzima-izixhobo zokukhupha nokupholisa, kwaye zinobomi obulinganiselweyo bokusebenza obufuna ukugcinwa kwebhalbhu rhoqo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, icandelo lemveliso liye lafumana utshintsho olukhulu kubuchwepheshe ukuya kwiinkqubo zokunyanga ukukhanya-emitting diode (LED). I-UV-Izibane ze-LED zikhupha ukukhanya kwe-monochromatic kubude obukhethekileyo, obumxinwa, obuqheleke phakathi kwe-365, 385, okanye i-395 nanometers. UV{7}Izixokelelwano ze-LED zibonelela ngobuchule obunzulu bokusebenza: zivelisa ubushushu obungahoywanga kwi-infrared, evumela abavelisi ukuba banyange iileyiti kubushushu{8}}ezinobuzaza{9}}ezifana nemiboniso bhanyabhanya yeplastiki ecekethekileyo, amaphepha, kunye neeveneers ezenziwe ngamaplanga{10}ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwe-thermal okanye ukuthotywa kwe-substrate. Ngaphaya koko, izibane ze-UV{12}}zicima kwaye zicinywe ngoko nangoko kunye neqanda elishushu{13}}ixesha, zisebenzisa amandla ombane amancinci, kwaye ziqhayisa ngobomi obude bokusebenza obungaphaya kweeyure ezingamawaka angamashumi amabini, zibenza ukuba zilungele indawo yokwenziwa ezinzileyo.
4. Ukuhamba komsebenzi wokuSebenza kunye neeNgcebiso ze-UV Coating Line
Ukudibanisa ikhemistri yefotopolymerization, oomatshini bokusetyenziswa kolwelo oluchanekileyo, kunye nehardware yeradiation eqhubela phambili kwinkqubo yoshishino eqhubekayo yenza inkqubo yokuvelisa esebenza kakuhle kakhulu eyaziwa ngokuba yi-UV Coating Line. Ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo le migca ikhethekileyo ibalaselisa ixabiso labo elikhulu kuwo wonke amacandelo ohlukeneyo okuvelisa, kubandakanywa ukugqitywa kweepaneli zomthi, ubugcisa begraphic, ukuveliswa kombane, iiplastiki zemoto, kunye nokugquma ngentsimbi.
Ukuhamba komsebenzi koMda wokuTyala weUV oqhelekileyo uqala ngokucoca umphezulu ochanekileyo, isanti ngoomatshini, kunye nokususwa kothuli. Iipaneli ezicociweyo okanye iisubstrates ke zidlule ngokuthe ngqo koomatshini abachaneka bezicelo{1}}ezifana -neentsimbi zokugquma okanye iibhuthi zokutshiza ezizisebenzelayo{3}apho umaleko ofanayo we-100% wokwenziwa kwezinto eziqinileyo zeUV kusetyenziswa. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokufakwa kwesicelo, isubstrate egqunyiweyo ihamba kakuhle ecaleni kwebhanti lokuhambisa ukuya kwitonela evalelweyo,{6}}ekhuselweyo kwi-UV. Ngaphakathi kweli tonela,-ubunzulu bezibane ze-UV zikhanyisela iindawo ezishukumayo, zifezekisa upholima olupheleleyo, olukhawulezileyo phakathi kwamaqhezu omzuzwana.
Iinzuzo zemizi-mveliso zokusebenzisa umgca odityanisiweyo woKutyabeka weUV mkhulu. Kuba ukunyangwa kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, imigca yemveliso inokusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu, isusa indawo enkulu, -isithuba esisezantsi{2}}sokuhombisa ii-oveni zokuhambisa ezishushu kumgangatho wefektri. Ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwee-solvents eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo kuphelisa isidingo se-oxidizers ebiza kakhulu kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa okungqongqo kunye nemimiselo engqongqo yomgangatho womoya wokusingqongileyo. Ngaphaya koko, iileyiti ezineziphumo zibonelela ngokumelana nokukrweleka okuphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kweekhemikhali, kunye namandla okuphatha kwangoko, okuvumela iindawo ezigqityiweyo ukuba zipakishwe, zipakishwe, kwaye zithunyelwe ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibaziseka kokupholisa okanye ukonakaliswa komhlaba.
5. Ukusombulula ingxaki, uLondolozo, kunye neeMpawu zexesha elizayo kuNyango lweRadiation
Ngaphandle kokomelela kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokugquma kwe-ultraviolet, ukugcina ukusebenza okuphezulu kumgca{0}ophezulu wemveliso okhawulezayo kufuna uqwalaselo olungqongqo, ukugcinwa kothintelo, kunye nokubambelela ngokungqongqo kwiiparamitha zokusebenza. Imiceli mngeni yobugcisa eqhelekileyo ekuhlangatyezwana nayo ngexesha lomsebenzi wemihla ngemihla iquka uthintelo lweoksijini{2}apho ioksijini ye-atmospheri idibana neeradicals ezikhululekileyo, ishiya umaleko we-microscopic tacky kwisambatho{3}}kunye nonyango olungaphelelanga olubangelwa kukungahambelani kwespectral okanye ukonakaliswa kokuqina kwesibane ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuthomalalisa uthintelo lweoksijini, iifomula zihlala zibandakanya ii-amine ezikhethekileyo-ii-synergists okanye imigca ehambisa imigca phantsi kweengubo zenitrogen ezingasebenziyo, ngelixa amagcisa esebenzisa iiradiometers ukulinganisa ukuxinana kwamandla e-UV kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesibane ngeyona ndlela.
Ukujonga kwikamva, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso luqhuba izinto ezintsha ezinomdla kulo lonke -icandelo lokunyanga. Ukuqulunqwa kwe-bio -esekelwe kwi-UV{3}i-oligomers enyangekayo evela kwi-oyile yezityalo ezivuselelekayo kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada esetyenzisiweyo ifumana amandla abalulekileyo, ukujongana nezigunyaziso ezikhulayo zozinzo lweshishini ngaphandle kokuncama ukusebenza. Ukongeza, ukudityaniswa kwee-smart sensors, i-automated irradiance feedback loops, kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto esweni kwi-UV Coating Line yenza ugcino oluqikelelweyo kunye{5}}nokwenyani inkqubo yexesha. Njengoko amashishini eqhubeka nokufuna isantya esiphezulu semveliso, iinyawo ezisezantsi zokusingqongileyo, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwezinto, itekhnoloji yokunyanga i-ultraviolet kunye nesayensi ye-photopolymerization ephezulu iya kuhlala iphambili kubunjineli banamhlanje bokuvelisa.
Ukuqukumbela
Isishwankathelo, itekhnoloji yokunyanga i-ultraviolet imele ukuhlangana okuloyiso kwi-photochemistry, i-optical physics, kunye nobunjineli obunzima bemizi-mveliso. Ngokusebenzisa imigaqo esisiseko ye-photopolymerization, amaziko okuvelisa anokuguqula ulwelo olululwelo lube ziingubo eziqinileyo ezomeleleyo ngaphakathi kwee-milliseconds, zidlule ngempumelelo amandla-anzulu kunye nexesha{2}}okutyayo imida yeendlela zokomisa ubushushu bemveli.
Njengobunjineli ngaphakathi koMda wokuTyala we-UV wale mihla, obu buchwephesha buqhubela phambili bunikezela ngesantya esingenakuthelekiswa nanto semveliso, ukuqina okukhethekileyo komzimba, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemekobume ngokungqongqo ngokususa izinyibilikisi eziguquguqukayo ngokupheleleyo. Ukusuka ekukhuseleni izinto zombane ezithambileyo kunye nomgangatho womthi oqinileyo ukuya ekugqityweni{1}} kokupakishwa kokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nezixhobo zemoto, inzululwazi yokukhanya{2}}esebenzayo yokuphilisa iyaqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili ukuveliswa kwemizi-mveliso, ingqina ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ifotonics kunye ne-radiation{3}ephilisa isayensi ziintsika eziyimfuneko zokugqwesa kwemveliso yangoku.
